Treatment for TB uses antibiotics to kill the bacteria. The two antibiotics most commonly used are rifampicin and isoniazid However, instead of the short course of antibiotics typically used to cure other bacterial infections, TB requires much longer periods of treatment (around 6 to 12 months) to entirely eliminate mycobacteria from the body  Latent TB treatment usually uses a single antibiotic, while active TB disease is best treated with combinations of several antibiotics, to reduce the risk of the bacteria developing antibiotic resistance People with latent infections are treated to prevent them from progressing to active TB disease later in life. However, treatment using Rifampin and Pyrazinamide is not risk-free. The centers for contol and prevention (CDC) notified healthcare professionals of revised recommendations against the use of rifampin plus pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection, due to high rates of hospitalization and death from liver injury associated with the combined use of these drugs.

The diarrhea associated with cholera is acute and so severe that, unless oral rehydration theraphy is started promptly, the diarrhea may within hours result in severe dehydration(a medical emergency), or even death

Author Susan Sontag wrote that cholera was more feared than some other deadly diseases because it dehumanized the victim. diarrhea and dehydration were so severe the victim could literally shrink into a wizened caricature of his or her former self before death.

Other symptoms include rapid dehydration, rapid pulse, dry skin, tiredness, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting.

The diet most often recommended for people who suffer from diabetic mellitus is high in dietary fiber, especially soluble fiber, but low in fat (especially saturated fat). Patients may be encouraged to reduce their intake of carborhydrates that have a high glycemic index. However, in cases of hypoglycemia they are advised to have food or drink that can raise blood glucose risk of further hypoglycemia.

Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unprotected sexually intercourse , contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth Screening of blood products for HIV has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in the developed world.

Although treatments for AIDS and HIV can slow the course of the disease, there is currently no vaccine or cure. antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but these drugs are expensive and routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries. Due to the difficulty in treating HIV infection, preventing infection is a key aim in controlling the AIDS epidemic, with health organizations promoting safe sex and needle-exchange programmes in attempts to slow the spread of the virus.